Acids & Base: Many acids and bases occur naturally in nature, for example citric acid in sour fruits, and same as lime water acts as a base. An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid. An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions H+ when dissolved in water, and A base is a substance that forms hydroxide ions OH- when dissolved in water. Acidic substances are usually identified by their sour taste. Many of the acids that we do not consume in the household are used in the laboratories and industries, which include an acid such as HCl, H2SO4 etc., and bases such as NaOH, KOH etc. An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red, and neutralizes bases. A substance is called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue, or neutralizes acids. Acids and bases can be used for many industrial and laboratory applications. Industries that use acids include mining, metalworking, the chemical and petrochemical industries, pollution control, and construction. Bases are used in manufacturing of soaps, detergent, toothpastes, paper, rayon etc. Bases have numerous applications in agriculture production, water treatment, laboratory testing and analysis.

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